The Electronic Trade Documents Bill will make digital documentation legally recognised and reduce processing times to 20 seconds as well as carbon emissions reduced by at least 10 per cent.
The bill, expected to be introduced in Parliament on Thursday (13 October), will boost the UK’s international trade, already worth more than £1.4 trillion, and will reduce the estimated 28.5 billion paper trade documents printed and flown around the world daily.
Business-to-business documents such as bills of lading — a contract between parties involved in shipping goods — and bills of exchange — used to help importers and exporters complete transactions — currently have to be paper-based due to longstanding laws.
Under the Electronic Trade Documents Bill, digital trade documents will be put on the same legal footing as their paper-based equivalents to give UK businesses more choice and flexibility in how they trade.
The bill will modernise old legislation such as the Bills of Exchange Act 1882 and the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992.
Removing the legal obstacle to electronic versions of trade documents will significantly lower administration costs and is expected to provide a £1.14 billion boost to UK business over a 10-year period. It will reduce trade contract processing times from between seven and 10 days to as little as 20 seconds, according to Trade Finance Global.
The Digital Container Shipping Association estimated that if 50 per cent of the container shipping industry adopted electronic bills of lading, the collective global savings would be around £3.6 billion ($4 billion) per year. The International Chamber of Commerce estimated that small and medium-sized businesses could see a 13 per cent increase in international business if trade is digitised.
Elsewhere, the World Economic Forum (WEF) has found that digitising trade documents could potentially reduce global carbon emissions from logistics by as much as 12 per cent. Electronic trade documents also increase security and compliance by making it easier to trace records — for instance, through the use of blockchain and distributed ledger technology.
International trade still relies to a large extent on a special category of trade document that is dependent on being physically possessed by a person, and transferred over to another person.
The UK is a world leader in digital trade but currently, the law does not recognise the possibility of possessing electronic documents, which prevents industries from going fully paperless.
This bill will allow businesses to choose to use electronic trade documents but does not force them to do so — allowing them to use practices and processes that work for them. It will set a vital precedent for all sectors and industries using English law as a basis for international contracts, including across the Commonwealth.
Commonly used documents in the UK for the trade-in or transport of goods that the bill will enable to become electronic include:
- A bill of exchange
- A promissory note
- A bill of lading
- A ship’s delivery order
- A warehouse receipt
- A mate’s receipt
- A marine insurance policy
- A cargo insurance certificate
The new rules will require trade documents in electronic form to meet certain criteria designed to replicate the key features of paper trade documents. This includes ensuring only one person, or parties acting jointly, can exercise exclusive control over it at any time, and removing the previous holder’s ability to exercise control over it once it has been transferred.
